Mbere ya 1863, silikoni yose - irimo ibice bizwi kandi bikoreshwa nabantu byari ibintu bya silicon organic organique, harimo silicon naturel - ibicuruzwa byahinduwe mubicuruzwa bigezweho nka ceramika, sima, nikirahure. Mu 1863, abahanga mu bya shimi b'Abafaransa C. Feidedel na JM raft bahinduye tetraethyl silane bitewe na reaction ya Ethyl zinc hamwe na silicon tetrafluoride mu muyoboro ufunze. Nibwo bwambere organosilicon compound mumateka. Ibi kandi byaranze intangiriro ya chimie ya organosilicon.
Kuva icyo gihe, abahanga mu bya shimi bakomeje guhuza ibice bishya bya organosilicon. Muri byo, birakwiye ko tuvuga A. Lamenberg, ikoresha Ethyl orthosilicate kugirango isimbuze silicon tetrachloride hanyuma ikore hamwe na alkyl zinc kugirango ibone imiti ya organosilicon hamwe na mono -, II -, na III silicon ikora, hamwe na A.Polis, ihuza ibyambere byose - arylsilane, tetraphenyl. Mu myaka 40 kugeza mu 1903, nubwo nta bikorwa byikoranabuhanga byateje imbere iterambere rya silicone byakozwe, abahanga mu bya shimi bakoze imirimo myinshi yubupayiniya muri iki gihe. Kubwibyo, iki cyiciro gishobora gufatwa nkigihe cyo gushinga silicone.
Umuhanga mu bya shimi uzwi cyane mu Bwongereza FSKipping afatwa nkuwashinze chimie organosilicon. Kuva mu 1898 kugeza 1944, yakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi muri - muri ubu buryo kandi akomeza gusohora impapuro 51 zijyanye na zo mu kinyamakuru cya Sosiyete ishinzwe imiti y’Ubwongereza.
Mu 1904, W hamwe n’umuhanga mu bya shimi w’umudage Dithey bigenga bavumbuye ko ibinyabuzima bya organosilicon bishobora guhuzwa binyuze muri reaction ya Grignard. Ubu buryo bwatejwe imbere cyane nicyuma cyabanjirije - uburyo bwo guhuza ibinyabuzima bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, umusaruro mwinshi, uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoreshwa hamwe n’umutekano muke ugereranije. Ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza ibice bitandukanye bya organosilicon hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye bya silicon
Kip - ping yashizemo umubare munini w'iriba - wasobanuye ibinyabuzima bya organosilicon ukoresheje ubu buryo. Ubu buryo bwabaye umusingi winganda za organosilicon mugihe kizaza, kandi iracyari bumwe muburyo bukomeye bwa synthesis ya organosilicon muri iki gihe. RMgCl + SiCl - RSiCl: + RSiCl + R: SiC {8} Muri icyo gihe, yabonye kandi ko silanediol na siltriol bishobora gukomeza kwanduzwa hagati y’imitsi kugira ngo bibe polymers. Icyakora, nk'umuhanga mu bya shimi, ntiyigeze yita kuri iyi myitwarire ndetse yanga ibyo bicuruzwa bya polymer. Ku bw'ivyo, ntiyigeze abiga. Ni muri urwo rwego, Dilthey yakoze akazi keza: yegeranye diphenylsilanediol kugirango abone hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane. Nibintu byambere bya cyclic polysiloxane bivanze mumateka. Nintangarugero muguhuza umurongo wa silicon - oxane, kandi ukuza kwayo kwagize uruhare runini mugutezimbere iterambere rya polymers organisilicon.
Kuva mu 1904 kugeza 1937, abahanga ntibashushanyije gusa ibintu byinshi byoroheje bya organosilicon ahubwo banateje imbere polyisiloxysaccharide ya cyclicale na ligne. Mubyongeyeho, A.Stock yavumbuye silanhydride nyinshi mubushakashatsi bwibanze kandi yatangiye synthesis ya asimmetric silicon atom compound. Imyaka mirongo itatu ishize ni igihe cyo gukura kwa chimie organosilicon.
Nyuma ya 1930, abahanga mu bya shimi batangiye kumenya ibyifuzo byurwego rwo hejuru - molekile ya organosilicon. Abashakashatsi ba mbere muri uru rwego barimo JFHyde wo muri sosiyete ya Corning Glass Company muri Amerika, WJ Petnode na EGRochow w’amashanyarazi rusange (GE) muri Amerika, na KA w’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti Andrianov na BNDolgov, R. Miller ukomoka mu Budage, n'ibindi.
Hyde, bitandukanye nigitekerezo cya Kipping, niyo yambere ihuza chimie organosilicon na chimie polymer. Ku buyobozi bwe, Corning Inc. yakoze ibyuma bya silicone, ibifuniko, imiti yinjiza ndetse n’ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi bya polyorganosiloxane byo gukoresha amashanyarazi y’ikirahure. Hagati aho, DowChemicals yo muri Amerika nayo yatangiye ubushakashatsi ku musaruro wa polyorganosiloxane maze ishyiraho uruganda rw’icyitegererezo cy’amavuta ya silicone ya dimethyl na methyl phenyl silicone resin mu 1942. Muri icyo gihe, monomers organochlorosilane yashizwemo cyane n’uburyo bwa Grignard, bityo itangwa rya monomers rikaba ryaragize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ingingo. Mu 1940, Rochow yahimbye "uburyo bwa synthesis butaziguye" ya methylsilane maze asaba ipatanti. Ubu buryo ntabwo bukoresha ibishishwa. Ni gaze - reaction yicyiciro gikomeye aho chloromethane yinjizwa mu ifu ya silicon irimo catisale y'umuringa (Ikigereranyo cya 2.4). Muri iki gihe, umuhanga mu by'imiti mu Budage Muller na we yasabye ipatanti nk'iyi, ariko itariki y'ibanze yari nyuma y'amezi icyenda ugereranije na Rochow. Uyu musanzu udasanzwe wateje impinduramatwara ikomeye mu gukora silicone kandi uteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda za silicone.
Mu 1943, Dow Chemical Company na Corning Inc. bafatanyije gushinga isi - isosiyete izwi cyane ya silicone y’umwuga - Dow Corning Corporation, kandi muri uwo mwaka, hubatswe uruganda rukora polyorganosiloxane i Mdand, muri Leta ya Michigan, muri Amerika. Isosiyete yahise ikora DC # 4 yo gufunga ibikoresho byo kuyifunga no kuyikoresha neza mu ndege ndende -. Nyuma, uruganda rwateje imbere ubwoko bwinshi bwa silicone resin, coatings, amavuta adafite imbaraga, amavuta yo kwisiga, defoamers nibindi bicuruzwa. Mu 1947, Isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi rusange yashizeho kandi agace ka organosilicon, itanga gaze ya organosilicon hakoreshejwe uburyo butaziguye kandi ikora ibicuruzwa bya polysiloxane. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubyaza umusaruro uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rwemejwe ninganda za silicone zakurikiyeho.
Ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye na polimeri ya silicone mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti bwari indashyikirwa cyane, cyane cyane Andrianov. Usibye gukora imirimo myinshi kuri polymiloxane polymers no guhuza polymers nyinshi ya organosilicon ifite agaciro gakoreshwa, yaninjije ibindi bintu nka boron, aluminium, titanium, amabati na fosifore muburyo bwa polysiloxane kugirango bihindurwe. Niwe kandi muntu wa mbere wakoresheje silazane nk'igifuniko kitagira amazi.
Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose irangiye, kubera gukoresha neza silicone mu bicuruzwa bya gisirikare, inganda za silicone zateye imbere byihuse kandi umusaruro wazo zose zitangira inzira isanzwe. Mu myaka ya za 1950, amasosiyete akora ibicuruzwa bya silicone yashinzwe mu bihugu bitandukanye. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bya polimeri ya silicone, nka reberi ya silicone (harimo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - bwo gukiza reberi, ubushyuhe bwicyumba cya volcanizing reberi, reberi ya silicone ibonerana, amavuta - irwanya fluorosilicone reberi, nibindi), amavuta yo kuvoma pompe, laminating resin, silicone emulsion, anti-{6}
Hagati ya 1938 na 1965, haba mubitekerezo no kubishyira mu bikorwa; Chimie ya Organosilicon irimo gutera imbere byihuse haba muri monomers na polymers. Hano, ingingo z'ingenzi zigomba gushimangirwa zirimo: reaction ya silicylation, reaction ya hydrosilylation, ubushakashatsi ku mvange ya organosilicon ifotora, synthesis ya organosilicon yibumbiye mu matsinda akora ya karubone, gushakisha uburyo bwo kubyitwaramo neza, kunoza uburyo bwa polymerisiyonike, ndetse no kuvuka kwa peteroli ya silicone, reberi ya silicone, hamwe n’ibikoresho bifatanya, n'ibindi. Nta gushidikanya ko iki cyiciro cyari igihe cyiterambere cya silicone.
Kuva mu 1965, usibye guhuriza hamwe, guteza imbere, kunoza no gukoresha ibyagezweho, abantu bahindukiye no murwego rushya rwa chimie organosilicon. Muri byo, ibyagaragaye harimo: organosilicon stereochemie, ibinyabuzima bya organosilicon hamwe nibikorwa bya physiologique, cyclicale na ligne polysilanes, silikoni itandukanye - ikubiyemo abahuza reaction, ibice bituzuye bidahagije bya silikoni, ibice byimpeta zirimo silikoni, silikoni - ibice bya cololymers, sesquiloxanes. inganda za silicone, igipimo cyibikorwa bya silicone monomers na polymers bigenda byiyongera, tekinoroji yumusaruro ihora itera imbere, kandi ibiciro byumusaruro bigenda bigabanuka. Ibi bituma ibicuruzwa bya silicone birushanwe. Iterambere rihoraho ryibintu byinshi - bikora kandi bihanitse - ibicuruzwa bya silicone, nkubuvuzi, imiyoboro ya polisiloxanes yubuvuzi, itwara amashanyarazi, ikomeza kwagura ibikorwa byayo. Ibicuruzwa bya silicone bihora byinjira mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu muburyo bukuru nkamavuta ya silicone, reberi ya silicone, resin silicone, hamwe nibikoresho bya silane.